Bocadillo

Warning: Bocadillo is now UNMAINTAINED. Users are recommended to migrate to a supported alternative, such as Starlette or FastAPI. Please see #344 for more information.

Hooks

Hooks allow you to call arbitrary code before and after a view is executed. They materialize as the @before() and @after() decorators located in the bocadillo.hooks module.

These decorators operate on a hook function, which is an asynchronous function with the following signature: (req: Request, res: Response, params: dict) -> None.

Example

from asyncio import sleep
from bocadillo import HTTPError, hooks

async def validate_has_my_header(req, res, params):
    if "x-my-header" not in req.headers:
        raise HTTPError(400)

async def show_response_content(req, res, params):
    print(res.content)

@app.route("/message")
@hooks.before(validate_has_my_header)
@hooks.after(show_response_content)
async def get_message(req, res):
    res.json = {"message": "hello"}

NOTE

The ordering of decorators is important: hooks should always be a view's first decorators.

Hooks and reusability

As a first level of reusability, you can pass extra positional or keyword arguments to @before() and @after(), and they will be handed over to the hook function:

async def validate_has_header(req, res, params, header):
    if header not in req.headers:
        raise HTTPError(400)

@app.route("/message")
@hooks.before(validate_has_header, header="x-my-header")
async def get_message(req, res):
    pass

A hook just needs to be an asynchronous callable, so it can also be a class that implements __call__(). This is another convenient way of building reusable hooks functions:

class RequestHasHeader:
    def __init__(self, header: str):
        self.header = header

    async def __call__(self, req, res, params):
        if self.header not in req.headers:
            raise HTTPError(400)

@app.route("/message")
@hooks.before(RequestHasHeader("x-my-header"))
async def get_message(req, res):
    pass

You can also use hooks on class-based views:

async def show_content_type(req, res, params):
    print(res.headers["content-type"])

@app.route('/')
# applied on all method views
@hooks.after(show_content_type)
class Message:

    @hooks.before(RequestHasHeader("x-my-header"))
    async def get(self, req, res):
        res.json = {"header": req.headers["x-my-header"]}

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